Public Health Journal

THE EFFECTIVENESS AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS DURING WARTIME

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. For two consecutive academic years, psychological tools known as “psychological minutes” were extensively integrated into the educational system in Ukraine. The Ministry of Education of Ukraine recommends these approaches and involves various techniques and exercises to support students’ mental health. This study aimed to assess the implementation of “psychological minutes” in the educational process and the impact of psychological tools on teachers’ mental health during martial law. Materials and methods. A randomized survey of 920 teachers from all regions of Ukraine was conducted at the end of the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 academic years. The teachers provided informed consent and completed a specially designed questionnaire. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the GAD-2 and PHQ-2 questionnaires. Research results. The share of persons with anxiety symptoms among teachers was 38.9±1.7% and with depressive symptoms – 45.6±1.7%. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences depending on the year of observation. However, the share of women experiencing symptoms of depression was higher than among men by 13.8% (p<0.05). 95.7% of teachers of grades 1–4, 86.4% of teachers of grades 5–9, 54.6% of teachers of grades 10–11 integrated psychological tools into the educational process. In 2023/2024, nearly 70% of teachers reported that breathing exercises and art therapies such as isotherapy and music therapy were most effective. Calculated logistic regression models taking into account age, gender, place of residence, form of education, subject, and grade did not show significant differences in the probability of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression depending on whether teachers spent “psychological minutes” or not. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate the need to revise approaches to the implementation of psychological support programs for teachers in schools and also indicate the need for further monitoring of participants in the educational process during the war to improve future mental health support strategies.

WAYS OF OPTIMIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS WHEN TEACHING A COURSE ON ORGANIZATION AND PROVIDING DOMESTIC AID IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation affected all aspects of the social life of Ukrainian citizens, emphasizing the most socially significant activities and the problems associated with them. From the point of view that the level of availability of medical care is one of the determinants of public health, on the one hand, and the increase in demand for the development of the primary link of medical care in the conditions of military operations throughout the territory of Ukraine, on the other hand, a high level of readiness to provide timely and high-quality premedical assistance to victims is one of the priority tasks today. The development and implementation of training programs for citizens of various specialties in pre-medical care, i.e. the implementation of state policy in this area, should take place on a scientific basis. However, the coverage of issues in the scientific literature on the extremely urgent problem – the organization of modern technological and methodical support for the teaching of pre-medical care – is not sufficient, scientifically based and does not take into account the features of the modern period of social development in Ukraine. Objective. Scientifically substantiate the ways of optimizing the educational process of teaching the organization and providing pre-medical assistance in emergency situations. Materials and methods. The results of research conducted over the course of 3 years using the methods of questionnaires, surveys, time-lapse observation, bibliographic and statistical methods are presented. Results. A positive answer to the question in the questionnaire “Do you realize the importance of your own readiness to provide first aid to the victim?” gave 100% of higher education recipients, in addition, 97.9% of them intend to constantly improve their practical skills in basic life support of the victim. Therefore, it can be asserted about the existence of a reliably high level of positive motivational component before mastering the course in pre-medical care among the applicants. We took into account the students’ theoretical training, namely, the average number of points in the topic using standardized test tasks on the Likar distance learning platform. With the help of a questionnaire, we determine students who are practically ready to provide pre-medical assistance – “5” points of the questionnaire. We use these students by the facilitation method, forming microgroups. After conducting a correlation between the students’ initial level of knowledge and the willingness to provide pre-medical care after the implementation of the experiment, it was established that there is a correlation (R0=0.628 at the level of significance p=0.01). Conclusions. The results of the questionnaire make it possible to organize the educational process taking into account the characteristics of the basic level of each student, to apply the facilitation method, which contributes to both more effective use of study time and the organization of student-centered classes.

THE IMPORTANCE OF APPLYING OF THE LATEST REHABILITATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF RECOVERY OF PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM: ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The relevance of of the latest rehabilitation technologies today in Ukraine and other countries of the world is extremely high for the following reasons: growth number of diseases and injuries; population aging; rehabilitation after COVID-19; increasing demand for personalized medicine and modern rehabilitation; development of new technologies; improvement of the quality of life. The purpose of the work is to analyse the world experience of the need to use the latest rehabilitation technologies in the process of recovery of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Research materials and methods. Using Internet search databases (PubMed, Google Schoolar, PEDro, Scopus, Web of Science), the sources of scientific information and materials on the need to use the latest rehabilitation technologies in the process of rehabilitation of orthopaedic patients were analysed. Research results and discussion. The latest technologies have developed extremely rapidly in the rehabilitation environment. Rehabilitation technologies help improve patient recovery, prevent decline and regression, track changes, and help maintain the quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. C. Winstein, P. Requejo describe the latest rehabilitation technologies that have great potential to make rehabilitation more effective, efficient and patient-centred. D. Brennan, L. Tindall, D. Theodoros, J. Brown, M. Campbell, D. Christiana, D. Smith, J. Cason, A. Lee substantiated the feasibility of using TV rehabilitation, where they described in detail that TV rehabilitation covers a range of rehabilitation and habilitation services, including assessment, monitoring, prevention, intervention, supervision, education, consultation and counselling. J. Webster, P. Young, J. Kiecker found that patients with amputation have individual needs that need to be taken into account when providing tele-rehabilitation services, and the process of physical therapy for people with amputation should be carried out with the participation of a multidisciplinary team, so tele-rehabilitation should also be based on a team approach. S. Rutkowski, P. Kiper, L. Cacciante, J. Mazurek, A. Turolla studied and substantiated the effectiveness of virtual reality-based interventions in rehabilitation and found that the use of specialised virtual reality and gaming virtual reality can be useful for treating the upper limb, but not for hand dexterity and gait in complex pathologies. Assistive technologies in the rehabilitation process are designed to provide maximum independence and improve the quality of life for people with various types of disabilities. They cover a wide range of devices and systems that are adapted to the specific needs of users. Conclusions. Modern technologies can significantly increase the efficiency and speed of rehabilitation processes, providing patients with the opportunity to return to active life. They facilitate an individual approach to rehabilitation that takes into account the specific needs of each patient and make rehabilitation safer and more comfortable.

MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

E. V. Brodska, O. V. Makarenko — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The global pandemic significantly affects the health of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, which include osteoporosis, therefore, to establish the mechanisms of development of bone pathologies associated with COVID-19, further detailed studies with simultaneous long-term observation of patients who were infected with SARSCoV- 2. The purpose of the work is to determine changes in mineral metabolism indicators associated with COVID-19 and assess their impact on bone mass reduction and the risk of developing osteoporosis. Materials and methods. The main clinical and laboratory indicators and the level of mineral status in the blood of patients with coronavirus infection on the first day of hospitalization. Research results. It was shown that the vast majority of patients (24 out of 30; 80%) had vitamin D deficiency upon admission to the hospital, which was evidenced by a low (<20 ng/ml) 25(OH) D level. Also, according to the rank correlation analysis data, a statistical tendency to an inverse relationship between the concentration of serum potassium and phosphorus and markers of inflammation, in particular, ferritin and C-reactive protein, was revealed. Conclusions. Timely detection of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency with subsequent drug correction will contribute to the further prevention of pathological bone loss caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which will reduce the manifestations of osteoporosis.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON HUMAN HEALTH: KEY ASPECTS AND TRENDS

I. A. Verbovskyi — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The relevance of the study on the impact of digitalization on human health is undeniable, given the rapid development of digital technologies that significantly affect various aspects of our lives. Digital technologies promote the development of new forms of communication but can also cause problems with the musculoskeletal system, vision, cardiovascular diseases, stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and social isolation. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digitalization on human health, considering physical, mental, and social aspects. The research aims to identify the main risks and issues associated with the active use of digital technologies and to develop recommendations for minimizing negative consequences and improving the overall health status of the population in the context of the digital transformation of society. The research methods include analyzing scientific sources and survey results conducted among 200 people aged 18 to 50 from various professions. The survey was conducted via Google Forms and included questions about the use of digital devices, sedentary lifestyle, problems with the musculoskeletal system, vision, and other aspects of physical health. It also examined the respondents’ level of physical activity, their awareness of workplace ergonomics, and the use of protective measures to reduce the negative impact of blue light. The study results showed that most respondents use digital devices for more than 4 hours a day, which negatively affects their physical and mental health. Problems with the musculoskeletal system, vision, and cardiovascular diseases are common among respondents. It was also found that social networks contribute to increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Social isolation and the deterioration of interpersonal relationships are also significant problems. The conclusions of the study highlight the importance of a conscious approach to using digital technologies. Effective strategies and recommendations need to be developed to minimize the negative consequences of digitalization, including health policies, educational programs for the safe use of digital technologies, and innovative approaches to diagnosing and treating diseases associated with digitalization. It is important to raise public awareness about the risks associated with prolonged use of digital devices and to promote an active lifestyle. The prospects for further research include the developing of new methods for diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases related to digitalization, as well as to improving educational programs to increase public awareness about the safe use of digital technologies.

ANALYSIS OF THE WORK EXPERIENCE OF NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTES

I. V. Hushchuk, A. V. Mokienko — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. Over the past century, National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) have emerged to address ongoing and emergent public health challenges. Given the historical legacy and contribution to health care, there is an urgent need to summarize the literature on the experiences of NPHIs. Goal – analysis of literature data on generalization of work experience of national institutes of public health. Research methods. Bibliometric, analytical. The results. The review analyzes the perspectives of public health leaders and authors from different regions of the world on the historical legacy, experiences, contributions and benefits of NPHI. A systematic search of the Medline OVID and Scopus databases identified 5.731 records. A total of 43 articles met the eligibility criteria and included perspectives from more than 20 countries in Africa, Europe, and North and South America. The obtained data indicate a long-standing international interest in involving national institutions to solve complex health care problems. The lack of research reporting methods indicates the need to use a reliable methodology. Several articles recommend investment in national public health institutes as a strategy for responding to crises and strengthening public health systems in countries. Findings show that areas related to public health capacity building are intertwined in the NPHI literature. However, the lack of empirical qualitative or quantitative research indicates the need for more robust research on NPHI in the future. Conclusion. The results show clear gaps in issues such as scientific independence, autonomy and financial resources that deserve further attention. Existing and emerging public health challenges (eg, noncommunicable diseases, climate change, antimicrobial resistance, and potential future epidemics) underscore the importance and need for investment in NPHI-focused research.

DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL (REGIONAL) LEVELS: A PROGRAM-TARGETED APPROACH

I. V. Hushchuk, N. P. Topishko, S. M. Galetskyi, O. I. Dovhunyk — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The issues of forming and financing state, local (regional) public health programs, their strategic planning, assessing the effectiveness of implementation, delimiting powers in this area between stakeholders, and optimizing appropriate decision-making in conditions of limited financial resources are relevant topics for scientific research and practical implementation. The aim of the study to explore the content of the program-targeted method of public administration and its use in the development of public health programs at the state, regional, and local levels. Materials and methods. The research applied observation, analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, and generalization methods to assess the effectiveness of organizing activities and financing public health programs at the national and local (regional) levels. Research results. The study highlights the role of national and local (regional) public health programs as tools for achieving the goals and objectives of the state in addressing pressing issues through resource concentration and optimization, as well as achieving target health indicators for the population. Such programs include projects of a preventive, therapeutic, organizational, and scientific nature. The role of the Public Health Center in coordinating these programs is emphasized. Using the example of the Rivne Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention under the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the specifics of building an epidemic control vertical in regions to enhance capacity in communication, prevention, and control of non-communicable diseases are explored. The study proposes the use of SWOT analysis as a business planning tool to identify the strengths and weaknesses of medical organizations during program improvement processes. Measures to enhance the effectiveness of public health program implementation at the local (regional) level are substantiated. Conclusions. The development and implementation of national and local (regional) public health programs require a high level of competency among all participants, continuous oversight by executive authorities at all levels, the development of regional monitoring and evaluation systems in the healthcare sector, and infrastructure readiness to ensure the successful achievement of program objectives.

THE IMPACT OF HYPOXYTHERAPY (IN MOUNTAIN AIR) ON PHYSICAL REHABILITATION

O. S. Kiyan — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. Hypoxia therapy is one of the most effective methods of physical rehabilitation. Hypoxic training is used for various disorders of human physiological activity, and can also be used by the elderly and pregnant women. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of various hypoxic conditions during physical rehabilitation, namely, how the conditions of high mountain air affect the process of physical rehabilitation. Materials and methods. A systematic thematic bibliographic review was used to conduct this review study. The main portal for searching for publications was the Scopus and Web of sciences databases. In addition, we searched the bibliography of each article to include more studies related to the topic. A total of 45 publications were analysed. The sources studied were classified according to their focus. The study included publications covering aspects related to the impact of hypoxytherapy (in mountain air) on physical rehabilitation. Results and discussion. The paper deals with the literature sources where the most effective methods of hypoxytherapy are collected and analysed. The results of the effectiveness of hypoxytherapy in comparison with traditional methods are also presented. Conclusion. It has been established that hypoxia therapy has a number of positive effects on the human body. It promotes activation of haematopoiesis and increases the number of red blood cells, which improves oxygen supply to tissues and organs. This is especially important in the process of recovery from injury or surgery. Hypoxia activates mechanisms that reduce inflammation. This helps speed up the healing and recovery process after various injuries or diseases, especially in muscles and joints. By adapting to the conditions of reduced oxygen concentration, patients increase their physical endurance, which is an important aspect of rehabilitation after injuries or surgery, especially for athletes. Hypoxia stimulates metabolism and stimulates the nervous system. Hypoxia therapy has a large number of different approaches for the prevention and physical rehabilitation of patients. According to the literature review, the most practical is the method of passive intermittent hypoxic training and intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic training. They are several times more effective than other methods of treatment and improvement of the physical state of human health.

THE INCIDENCE OF CHILDREN WITH COVID-19 IN THE POLTAV REGION IN 2020–2022 AND THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE RESTORE OF THEIR HEALTH

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The disease of COVID-19 is registered among children at different ages, the specific weight of children in 2020–2022 ranged from 2% to 12% of the total number of patients in the world, which makes it urgent to search for and popularize methods that will reduce the negative impact and improve health of the child population. Goal. To study the level of incidence of COVID-19 among children of the Poltava region during 2020–2022 and to find out the role of nutrition in restoring their health. Materials and methods. Methods: bibliosemantic, epidemiological, statistical, analytical. Materials: analytical reports of the Poltava Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention “Analysis of the incidence of dangerous infections, implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures for infectious and parasitic diseases in the Poltava Region” for 2020–2022, literary sources and Internet resources on the subject of the study. Research results. In 2020–2022, in Poltava region, among children, cases of COVID-19 were registered: in 2020 – 871 (390 per 100 thousand), in 2021 – 5589 (2060 per 100 thousand), in 2022–6824 (2980 per 100,000), which accounted for 3%, 5% and 9% of the total number of cases, respectively, the highest incidence rate in all years was at the age of 15–17. An important factor in the recovery of children after COVID-19 is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation after an infectious disease is detoxification, control of inflammatory processes, nutrition, water balance and sleep. An increase in immunity, including at the cellular level, is largely determined by the sufficient content in the diet of the protein-energy component, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, especially those that are determined by antioxidant properties and promote their assimilation, such as retinol, calciferol , tocopherol, ascorbic acid, rutin, zinc, selenium, iron, magnesium, copper, etc., that is, providing the body with an increased amount of these substrates and nutrients, which will contribute to the effective functioning of the immune system and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Changing the composition of food is a necessary component of both the restoration of a child's health after an illness and its harmonious development. Therefore, informing about this issue should be entrusted both to pediatricians and family doctors, as well as to education workers. Conclusions. The prevalence of COVID-19 among children is quite high, adolescents aged 15–17 are most often affected, and the share of children in the total number of patients during 2020–2022 increased from 3% to 9%. One of the simple and effective methods of rehabilitating children after COVID-19 is to provide them with a balanced diet and drinking regimen using nutrients that help restore health and strengthen immunity.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BLADDER CANCER IN MEN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

O. V. Makarenko, D. D. Zaslavskyi — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. Bladder cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases, accounting for about 30–50% of all urogenital tumors. The incidence rate is increasing, particularly among men. This highlights the need for epidemiological research to improve diagnosis and prevention. The goal of the work is to conduct an epidemiological analysis of bladder cancer incidence among men in different age groups in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Materials and methods. The source of data was the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Data for the period 2017–2021 were analyzed. Bibliographic, retrospective, statistical, and descriptive methods were used for data processing. Research results. Over five years, 1,093 new cases of bladder cancer were registered among men in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The highest number of cases was diagnosed in men aged 60 and older (78.3%). The share of new cases among men under 40 was only 2.2%. Conclusions. Bladder cancer remains a significant issue among men, particularly in older age groups. Early diagnosis and prevention are crucial to reducing the incidence and mortality rates.

TREATMENT OF АCHILLES TENDINOPATHY BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the complex of eccentric and isometric exercises developed by us in the complex treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. Materials and methods. The Achilles tendon is a fibrous connective tissue cord formed by the fusion of the tendons of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and attached to the calcaneus. Achilles tendinopathy is a chronic progressive disease due to the gradual accumulation of traumatic, inflammatory and dystrophic degenerative lesions that lead to anatomical, structural and functional changes. Various methods of treating tendinopathy are proposed in the national and world literature, but there is no generally accepted methodology, and treatment methods are constantly changing. For example, the trend of using physical therapy for Achilles tendinopathy has recently changed significantly, namely, from prolonged immobilization with extremely gentle treatment of the affected tissue to early loading of the musculotendinous complex with special eccentric and isometric exercises. Paradoxically, according to experts, it is not immobilization and rest that restore dystrophically altered tissues in tendinopathy, but light special physical activity aimed at gradual, slow and gentle stretching of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. The effectiveness of restoration of the Achilles tendon affected by tendinopathy using eccentric and isometric gymnastics was the purpose of the pedagogical experiment. It was voluntarily attended by 22 patients, who were randomly divided into 2 equivalent groups – the main and control groups – 11 participants each. To conduct the experiment, we developed a set of eccentric and isometric exercises aimed at relaxing the overworked and tense posterior muscles of the affected lower leg and Achilles tendon. The experiment lasted for a month and a half (6 weeks). The difference in the treatment of the patients in the main group was that they immediately began to engage in physical exercises developed by us, in addition to the basic treatment adopted in the medical institution (Rivne City Polyclinic No. 1) and received by patients of both groups. At the final stage of the experiment, the intensity of pain manifestations in the affected Achilles tendon (according to the visual analog pain scale) after moderate physical activity was investigated using two tests: 1. After one and a half kilometer walk at an average pace; 2. After a 10 cm jump test (30 jumps on one affected leg for 15 seconds – 2 jumps per second). In this section, we will analyze only the extreme indicators – the complete absence of pain (0 points) and the presence of intense pain (7–8 points). The following results were obtained: the complete absence of pain in the Achilles tendon, after one and a half kilometer walk, in patients of the main group was 27.3% less (9.1% vs. 36.7%) than in patients of the control group; the absence of pain after the jump test was also 27.3% less in the main group (0% vs. 27.3%). When analyzing the occurrence of intense pain (7-8 points), the following results were obtained after these tests: after dosed walking, pain in the Achilles tendon in patients of the main group was 18.2% less (0% vs. 18.2%), and after the jump test – by 9.1% (9.1% vs. 18.2%) than in the control group. Conclusions. The use of relaxation physical therapy, as part of the complex treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, namely eccentric and isometric exercises, has a positive effect on the restoration of local and general functional disorders of the tendon caused by the disease.

ADAPTATION OPPORTUNITIES OF STUDENTS IN THE JUNIOR COURSES OF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL HEALTH AND THE FEATURES OF THEIR CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

T. V. Tysevуch, I. V. Serheta — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. Preserving and strengthening the health of young people was, is and will be a priority task for scientists. However, recent studies show a decline in the physical development of young people and a rapid decline in their health. Physical health indicates the level of growth and development of organs and systems of substances and is the basis of morphological and functional reserves of adaptive reactions. The effectiveness of a person's adaptation to the influence of environmental factors depends on his adaptation capabilities, which are individual-typological characteristics of a certain person and ensure favorable successful adaptation in physiological and psychological terms. The goal of the work is to analyze the individual adaptive capabilities of junior year students of a higher medical education institution depending on the level of physical health and the peculiarities of their changes in the dynamics of the educational process, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the author's psychocorrective program “Optimization of psychophysiological resources of the body”. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, 230 practically healthy students of the Vinnytsia National Medical University named after M.I. Pirogov aged 17 to 22. Medical students underwent research in several stages: in the 1st year in the intersessional and sessional periods and in the 2nd year in the intersessional and sessional periods. In the II year of study, part of the students took part in the author's psychocorrective program “Optimization of psychophysiological resources of the body”. Assessment of the level of physical health was carried out using the method of quantitative express assessment of the level of somatic health. Adaptation capabilities of students were determined according to the classical, generally accepted methodology. The licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.1” (license number ВXXR901E245722FA) was used for statistical analysis. The significance of the difference in values between independent quantitative values was determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The difference between values expressed in % was determined by the Weber formula. Research results. Analyzing the physical health of medical students, it was found that 4.3% of young people had an above average level of physical health, 22.6% had an average level, 31.7% had an average level, and 41.3% had a low level, in while a high level of physical health was not recorded in general. Adaptive capabilities are directly proportional to the level of physical health, and with a decrease in the level of physical health, the adaptive potential of the body decreases, especially during intense mental loads (sessions). The significance of the difference between the compared groups was p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05. Students who have mastered the author's psychocorrective program have noted positive dynamics in adapting to the conditions of study at a medical institution of higher education. Conclusions. The vast majority of students had average, below average and low levels of physical health. Excessive intellectual loads increase the strain on human adaptation mechanisms, depleting its resources. Having mastered the skills of a psychocorrective program, you can effectively work on preserving your own reserves.

THE HISTORY OF MINE AND EXPLOSIVE INJURY REHABILITATION

O. V. Usova, I. Yu. Pastushenko, V. O. Melnychuk, A. O. Usova — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. Blast trauma is a complex injury that occurs as a result of simultaneous exposure to various damaging factors such as shock waves, gas-flame jets, and fragments of explosive devices. This type of injury is characterized by its severity, specific damage, and unfavorable course. The features of blast trauma have been described. A key aspect in planning rehabilitation measures is the detailed and accurate assessment of the injury, which allows for determining the extent of the damage and potential risks for the patient. Objective. The aim of the to analyze the sources of scientific literature on the history of mine and explosive injury rehabilitation. Materials and Methods. The following methods were employed during the work: historical, comparative, logical, and system-structural analysis, as well as induction and deduction methods, analysis and synthesis, generalization, and a systematic approach to the phenomena being studied. Results of the study. The historical aspects of the mine-explosive injury rehabilitation process are analyzed. It was found that today, a promising direction in the rehabilitation of patients with blast injuries is the extensive use of innovative technologies, including virtual and augmented reality, robotic mechanotherapy, biofeedback, and brain-computer interfaces. The gamification of rehabilitation activities increases their effectiveness. One of the promising methods of rehabilitation for patients with combat spinal cord injuries is robotic mechanotherapy, particularly training in an exoskeleton, which has a positive impact on functional status, the cardiovascular system, and emotional well-being. Conclusions. It was established that modern wars have certain features that significantly affect the nature and variety of injuries in military personnel in combat zones. The rehabilitation of patients with blast injuries should be comprehensive and include both medical and social components. It should be based on a multidisciplinary approach, start at early stages, be individualized, and continuous. If necessary, rehabilitation should include inpatient treatment in specialized departments or centers. It is also important to utilize modern medical advancements, innovative methods, and technologies. This will help achieve maximum rehabilitation effectiveness, reduce the number of patients with persistent functional impairments, prevent psycho-emotional disorders, and promote successful social and professional integration of patients with combat injuries.

STATUS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS A, B, C INCIDENCE IN THE LVIV REGION IN 2019–2023

I. S. Khoronzhevska, Yu. M. Yukhymchuk — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Topicality. The article highlights the status of research into the problem of the incidence of viral hepatitis A, B, C (HA, HB, HS) and newly detected chronic hepatitis B and C (CHB and CHC) in the Lviv region for 2019–2023, and shows the increase in the risks of HA, HB, HS diseases during the war. The purpose of the work – to analyze the incidence of HA, GV, GS, CHB, CHC in the Lviv region for 2019–2023, to determine the risks and trends of viral hepatitis diseases, including during the Russian military aggression. Materials and methods. The work used analytical techniques of the epidemiological method, descriptive, statistical and graphical methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the structure of diseases of GA, GV, GS, CHB, CHC for 2019–2023 in the Lviv region was conducted. The results. In the Lviv region during the second year of the Russian military aggression there was a sharp increase in the incidence of acute hepatitis B by 1.9 times from 2.19 cases per 100 thousand population (2021) to 4.19 cases per 100 thousand population (2023). In 2023 the incidence of chronic hepatitis B in the region increased to 4.68 cases per 100 thousand population, which was 27.6% higher than the national average. During the period 2019–2023 the incidence of acute hepatitis C in the Lviv region increased from 1.12 cases per 100 thousand population (2019) to 1.2 cases per 100 thousand population (2023). The incidence of chronic hepatitis C in the period 2019–2023 in Lviv region increased by 29.34% from 11.39 cases per 100 thousand population (2019) to 16.12 cases per 100 thousand population (2023). During the second year of Russian military aggression, in 2023, the incidence of HA in Ukraine increased by 4.7 compared to 2022. In Lviv region during 2019–2023, the incidence of HA was lower than the national average. Conclusions. The incidence of HA, GV, GS in the Lviv region remains an urgent problem that requires constant attention from specialized specialists. On the path to eliminating viral hepatitis in the Lviv region and Ukraine, certain successes were noted, which were manifested in the reduction of the incidence of acute and chronic hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A in 2019–2021. However, the Russian military aggression against our country led to an increase in the risks of infection with hepatitis B and C both in the Lviv region and Ukraine, and hepatitis A in Ukraine.